Quantitative And Quantitative Research Methods - 1520 Words

Research is a process that is systematic and gathers, analyzes and interprets data collected about a specific subject with the objective of better understanding and meeting a goal (Leedy Ormond, 2010). Before initiating the research process the researchers need to have a clear understanding of the question and the goal of what is going to be studied or investigated. The development of a plan designed with specific methods needs to be included to acquire relevant data. The research should be guided by a specific research problem or hypothesis which takes the researcher to the direction needed to acquire information. Data collection and interpretation are a requirement for completing the research process. Deciding on a research method or approach is part of the planning process and should be part of the priorities of any research plan due to the boundaries and differences between the research methods (Garza, 2006). Qualitative and quantitative research methods are the two main types of approaches researchers utilized when developing a study. These two methods are different but they are not opposite from each other. In many research studies a combination of both methods is necessary to gather valid and adequate data. The qualitative research method is mostly focused on the ‘why?’ and it is used in studies where the purpose is to understand a behavior, attitudes, or motivations at a deeper level. The quantitative method focuses in the facts and the ‘what?’ where the numberShow MoreRelatedQuantitative And Quantitative Methods Of Research3747 Words   |  15 Pages â€Æ' 3. Method 3.1 Research Approach Although there are two types of research approaches that can be used by researchers depending on the type of research study which are qualitative or quantitative study, however, a quantitative research method will be used in order to acquire the useful information. The research design mentions to the general approach that is selected to assimilate the different mechanisms of the research in an intelligible and rational way, thus, safeguarding that it will efficientlyRead MoreQuantitative research methods1913 Words   |  8 PagesQuantitative Research Methods Quantitative means quantity which implies that there is something that can be counted. Quantitative research has been defined in many ways. It is the kind of research that involves the tallying, manipulation or systematic aggregation of quantities of data (Henning, 1986) John W. Creswell defined quantitative research as an inquiry into a social or human problem based on testing a theory composed a theory composed of variables, measured with numbers, and analysed withRead MoreResearch Methods Of Quantitative Research1087 Words   |  5 Pages Week 2 Assignment Adam Morrison PSY 326 Research Methods Jessica Lee Qualitative researchers are focused on interpreting and making sense out of what they observe rather than trying to simplify and quantify these observations by collecting and observing people, places and things in their natural setting. In doing this, researchers are able to investigate hypothesis with more freedom and rigidity while accepting the fact that they relinquish their ability to control direct and indirectRead MoreResearch Methods Of Quantitative Research Essay2390 Words   |  10 Pages3.1. Research Methods There are two types of research methods, which are qualitative, and quantitative each of which is focused towards diverse aspect. It is noticed that qualitative research method is used for the studies that are dependent on the use of theoretical data or content instead of collecting statistical or empirical evidence to support the discussion. The aim of this method is to consider the use of general data or theories to make sure that research aim and objectives are evaluatedRead MoreQuantitative Research Methods For Research1077 Words   |  5 PagesQuantitative research methods are typically concerned with measuring criminological or criminal justice reality. There are a number of different quantitative research methods available to researchers, most of which fall under the rubric of a research design, which can be defined as the plan for a study that includes the exploratory, descriptive, explanatory and evaluative of an investigation. Purpose of exploratory research is to identify context, issues and concerns whereas descriptive is to provideRead MoreThe Application Of Quantitative, Quantitative And Mixed Research Methods2019 Words   |  9 Pagesgoal of this study is to systematize the knowledge about different research methodological approaches applied in high-ranked academic journals in the area of Business Management. The essay will examine the application of qualitative, quantitative and mixed research methods in journals, assess their usefulness and present the results of the analysis. An examination of research methods and research design will identify trends in research methodologies employed in journals and try to explain the reasonRead MoreQualitative Quantitative Research Methods1047 Words   |  5 PagesQualitative amp; Quantitative Research Methods PSY 326 Dr. Willow Aureala March 29, 2011 Qualitative amp; Quantitative Research Methods There are two types of research methods: qualitative and quantitative. Qualitative research methods are complex meaningful analyses characterized by processes and meanings that are not measured in terms of mathematical measurements. Quantitative research however, relies and builds on mathematical procedures and methods, such as frequency, quality, amountRead MoreQualitative And Quantitative Research Methods936 Words   |  4 PagesQualitative and quantitative research methods are two alternative applications for research methods. Both are very different in how data is collected, what data is collected, and how data is measured. Both of these research methods are utilized amongst the major areas of psychology and the social sciences. This paper will provide a brief description of qualitative and quantitative methods, provide the differences between the two approaches along with the terminology used for both; I will alsoRead MoreQualitative And Quantitative Research Methods1285 Wor ds   |  6 PagesQualitative and Quantitative Research Ravi Teja Mora Dr. Jimi Peters Research Methods Stratford University â€Æ' Qualitative and Quantitative Research Introduction There has been a widespread of debate in recent years regarding the quantitative and qualitative research methods, wether one or the other has to be emerged as superior. Although there have been so many theories and conclusions, this paper intends to discuss on the similarities and differences between the qualitative and quantitative research methodsRead MoreQuantitative And Qualitative Research Methods Essay1218 Words   |  5 Pagesindividuals are confused about or not aware of the differences between quantitative and qualitative research methods. Some think those terms can be used interchangeably. Describe the key features (up to 5) that distinguish quantitative research from qualitative research. Provide examples to demonstrate your main points. Firstly, qualitative and quantitative research methods are used for different purposes. Quantitative methods try to explain and make predictions, confirm and validate an existing

A Time to Kill Review and Commentary - 1952 Words

A Review and Commentary On:A Time to Kill By John GrishamA Time to Kill written by John Grisham is a book that presents the high racial tensions in Canton Mississippi in the early 1990 s. The book opens with two young men, James Lewis Willard and Billy Ray Cobb, joy riding in their brand new yellow pick up truck decked out with Confederate flags. They speed though black neighborhoods throwing full beer bottles at people and houses, until they come across ten-year-old Tonya Hailey walking home from the grocery store. The men pull over, trap her, rape her repeatedly, beat her, hang her, throw her off a bridge and leave her for dead. Her siblings find Tonya later that day, barely alive, her father, Carl Lee Hailey., and the black community†¦show more content†¦Jake calls Carl Lee to stand; Carl Lee admits he felt outside himself during the shooting of the men and how he could not forget Tonya told him that she called out for him while the men were hurting her but he did not com e. When Buckley cross-examines, he pushed Carl Lee to say that he believed that the men deserved to die and he hopes they burn in hell. At that point Jake is convinced that they will lose, he confronts Carl Lee about accepting a plea bargain. Carl Lee refuses, he tells Jake You think just like them (the jury) that s why I picked youÂ… How s a black man ever gonna get a fair trail with the enemy behind the bench and in the jury box? My life is in white hands. You Jake, are my secret weapon- you are one of the bad guysÂ… you don t mean to be but you areÂ… you see me as differentÂ… you see me like that jury sees meÂ… if you were on the jury what would it take to convince you to set me free. That s how you save my ass. The next morning during closing statements, Jake urges the jury to seek truth not with their eyes and minds were fear and hate are a commonality to prejudice, but with their heart where they do not know any better. He then vividly recounts every brutal deta il of Tonya s attack, he asks the jury Can you see her? Now imagine she is white. Carl Lee is found innocent and released immediately; he hurries out to meet and embraces Tonya outside the courthouse. A Time to Kill is anShow MoreRelatedReading Into Amiri Baraka s The Sixties : A Very Compare And Contrast Of Ideas Of Interpretations907 Words   |  4 PagesChania Whitaker Article Review Fall 2015 AAA Literature 20 Reading into Amiri Baraka’s Dutchman in the context of how plays in the early 60s: A compare and contrast of ideas of interpretations. Reading Dutchman by Amiri Baraka was made a bit challenging because it was a play written exclusively for it’s commentary of race relations in America in the time period it was written in. While enjoying black art is important, it’s even more important to truly understand the message it is giving. AllegoryRead MoreThe Death Of Anwar Al Awlaki Essay1162 Words   |  5 PagesThe Death of Anwar al-Awlaki One cannot listen to the news or commentaries without hearing a controversial story that will cause you to pause and emit an ahem sigh. In view of the recent tragedies around the world that affect America and Americans, one might reach a point of bewilderment and become reluctant to watch or listen to the news, however; if you are enrolled in a political science class, it is necessary to involve yourself in current events. The questionable killing of an American citizenRead MoreKatrina break down Essay771 Words   |  4 Pagesreluctant the report writers were to concede that not all bad things that happen are the fault of the government. Those car owners who fail to evacuate in the face of mandatory evacuation orders that, however tardy, still left them plenty of time to leave, do not share in the blame, they are to blame. If indeed a major, or perhaps even the major, cause of death from Katrina was a failure to obey a mandatory evacuation order, this puts the whole Katrina problem in a different light. ItRead MoreLaw and Order Injustice1120 Words   |  5 PagesDaughter† a father talks to his daughter in how the world will treat her because she is Native American. Lewis’s life has not been easy and he knows the pain his people including his daughter will face by giving his wisdom to carry on through bad times. Americans will focus more on their twitter updates than to start a peace club and expose the racism going on. The blindness will continue because of the fear of speaking out or the lack of opening pages in a history book. Racism still impacts AmericanRead MoreThe Internet Has Influenced Our Lives And Relationships1164 Words   |  5 PagesGeneral Introductory statement Thesis Statement Body Economic Merits Learning to make prudent economic decisions More efficient than older shoppers Social Demerits Leads to bullying Creates immature in relationships Commentary Significance of human feeling Potential social issues Knowing how to shop Real commercial environment Conclusion Thesis Restatement Personal opinion Reference Page The Internet as an obstacle: Economic and Social Negatives for the Next Generation Introduction The internet hasRead MoreOedipus Key Passage Analysis1366 Words   |  6 PagesThe author uses characterization to illuminate this character. How does this technique illuminate a theme and / or a character? Sophocles uses characterization as this is one of the few times in the play that the readers really see what Creon’s thought process is and why he thinks what he thinks. Literature Review Sheet Title: Oedipus Author: Sophocles Historical context: Greek plays were seen as a holiday and were religious. Setting: Ancient Greece, Thebes Point of view: Protagonist: Oedipus Read MoreBatman and the Bush Administration Essay1110 Words   |  5 Pagespredictable bank robbery. Masked robbers enter a bank, fire a few shots, and try to crack a safe. During the sequence a few of the thugs are discussing who exactly the Joker is. Because of the tilted camera angles something seems askew. Later the Joker kills all his assistant robbers, likely in an effort to protect himself. According to a report from the Defense Technical Information Center, terrorist leadership often tricks fanatics into suicide attacks because it too leaves little evidence they can beRead MoreEssay about Burmese Days Review893 Words   |  4 PagesI. Orwell, George. Burmese Days, Harcourt Inc, 1934. 287 pp. Patrick Morgan The World Since 1850 Greenstein Burmese Days Book Review September 27, 2010 II. George Orwell, born Eric Blair was born in Motihari, Bengal, a then British territory of India in 1903. He was very scholarly from a young age and earned scholarships to preparatory schools and both Wellington and Eton colleges. After furthering his education at Eton he joined the Indian Imperial Police Force in Burma. AfterRead MoreCharacters Of A Good Man1276 Words   |  6 Pagesstory was written by Flannery O’Connor in 1955. Flannery O’Connor was born Mary Flannery O’Connor in 1925. She was considered an important person in American literature, with credits for writing two novels, over 30 short stories and various reviews and commentaries on other written works. O’Connor was raised in the south in the Bible belt and these traits show within her works. Her writing style is considered Southern Gothic and often reflects her own views on ethics and morality. I think the authorRead MoreTaking Command from Colonel Michael Dane Steele873 Words   |  4 Pagescommand of 3rd Brigade, 101st Airborne Division (Rakkasans). I have just been notified that I will take command from Colonel Steele in November 2006 which leaves just short of six months for me to plan for the change. A review of author Raffi Khatchadourian’s article, â€Å"The Kill Company,† published in The New Yorker on July 6, 2009 is necessary for background in writing this paper, however; the timeframe assumed for the purpose of writing this essay is June 2004. To this end, it must also be assumed

How have mobile phones and Internet changed contemporary art Free Essays

string(95) " the artists start to be more focused on the content of the artwork in order to deliver value\." Introduction The main aim of this essay is to investigate the impact of technology on contemporary art. In a more detail, this essay will exploref the impact of mobile phones and the Internet on contemporary art. This essay will include theoretical foundation, backed up with examples. We will write a custom essay sample on How have mobile phones and Internet changed contemporary art? or any similar topic only for you Order Now Firstly, a brief overview of the art world in the context of a general technology’s impact, will be presented. Following this,, this study will look into the effect of mobile phones and Internet in contemporary artistic creation and perception. Therefore, this essay will focus on the identification of main technological features that have impacted the art movement and the process of its production. The changes in the modern, individual perception of art are going to be investigated as well. Background of Issue Recent research suggests that we as human beings and also consumers, live in the information and digitalisation age. Internet and mobile phones have become the main sources of information and, therefore, the primary mediums of communication with other individuals (Burnham, 1970). In the cultural context, the individuals have started to focus more on the innovation acquisition and creation. The main reason behind it is the constantly changing environment, which triggers the changes in the individual perception. In the context of art, the artists have acquired the tools that facilitate the process of art creation (Shanken, 2009). On the other hand, the people have received the ability to share, what they perceive as art via more exposed and facilitated channels, namely, the Internet and mobile phones. Currently, every person may take a photo of a scene, which is perceived to be artistic and share it with others (Huffington Post, 2012). This, in turn, would be claimed as art. The conce pt of art has lost its complexity, thus becoming more technology – driven and adhering to the new cultural and artistic frameworks and concepts. As a result, it is crucial to identify the pattern and direction of the contemporary art movement in order to define its future implications. Impact of technology on the Contemporary art As it has already been estimated, technology, as part of the environmental dynamics has had a large influence on contemporary art. The internet has provided a more facilitated, digital access to a wide amount of information (Shanken, 2009). The individuals have acquired the possibility to access more enhanced amount of information, which affects the creation and production of art. This includes not only the information, itself, but also the new design programs and mobile applications (Huffington Post, 2012). Emergence of photography As part of the technological advancement, photography has become a popular form of contemporary art (Janson and Janson, 2004). To date, there are still debates as to if the significance of photography in contemporary art market is reasoned enough. This suggests that the majority of artists state that the emergence of photography as a form of art has anchored an element of shallowness to the whole concept of contemporary art (Janson and Janson, 2004). This shows that any persona can take a camera in order to make a picture, which would be considered as art. These debates have been present, however, to a lesser degree, in times of black and white film photos. At the moment, the majority of academics still tend to criticize the colour photography as it fails to deliver the beauty of the nuances and moments (Phillips, 2006). Expanding on this subject, there is also a lot of debates over the subject of the mobile phones and mobile applications. Given that photography is quite a popular form of art at the moment, there have been a lot of applications developed for photography sharing. One of the most popular mobile phone applications is Instagram (Huffington Post, 2012). There is a lot of criticism in relation to this application, since it allows the amateurs to take any picture and share it as a form of art by means of the integrated filters. However, on the other hand, mobile applications have increased the exposure of art works of less known artists (Pew Internet and American Life Project Artists Callback Survey, November/December, 2003). This is supported by the findings of the recent survey, which has been maintained among young artists. The results have demonstrated that the majority of the artists have estimated that the Internet has helped them to promote their works, and to increase the amount of networking connections. The minority of the surveyed population has stated that the Internet exposure has hurt them and their reputation (Pew Internet and American Life Project Artists Callback Survey, November/December, 2003). Change from form to perspective It is necessary to note that a change has been reported in the concept of art. This implies that, in the Modernism era, the main focus has been placed on the form in the context of art production (Bersson, 2004). Along with the rise in popularity of technology and the Internet, the main focus has shifted towards context. This implies that the originality has been framed within the boundaries of the ability to re – represent already produced art works. This adds the ironic feature to the whole concept of post-modernism art (Bersson, 2004). Content has also become quite valuable in the post-modernist era. This has been driven by the digitalisation of the art, thus placing a large focus on the content of artistic work. The context of the artworks is intensified in the light of the absence of the actual truths and facts (Prior, 2005). This implies that only the opinions and perspectives matter whereas the truths and facts have become subjective, thus changing along the dynamics of the daily lives. Post-modernists suggest that knowledge is facilitated by means of culture and language (Prior, 2005). Given the fact that the general culture and language are unified by the globalization and digitization, the knowledge is defined by the technology and internationalisation, in the context of art. Additionally, the production of artworks has become more facilitated, therefore, the artists start to be more focused on the content of the artwork in order to deliver value. You read "How have mobile phones and Internet changed contemporary art?" in category "Essay examples" Impact on production Along with the global advancement and the significance of the innovative product solutions, at the moment, the artists have all the necessary tools in order to produce art. However, the importance of handmade paintings has been diminished over the past decade (CNN, 2006). This implies that the paintings have been linked to more aesthetic and esoteric works of art. Photography, on the other hand, has become a true form of art (Bersson, 2004). This implies that the handmade paintings evolved into a computerized form of art, namely photography. The technology, namely PC, Internet and Smartphones have allowed producing and exposing the photographs by the click of the mouse, via specialized applications and programs. The supportive production-related technological appliances still fall into the specializing category, thus being quite expensive (Poole and Ho, 2011). As the result, the majority of artists tend to rent the editing technology in order to produce qualitative pieces of works. In this case, the main focus is placed on the quality and value of the work and this attracts the artists to use more expensive appliances at the high end. Given this desire, the artists still need a specialized knowledge and skills in order to utilize editing applications and technological solutions (Poole and Ho, 2011). Only the minority of artists tend to utilize the computer based programs for the entire art production process. Normally, the artists would make the sketches and then finish them by means of computerized programs, namely for colouring purposes. Even though, it has been suggested that the production of art via PC-based programs is more facilitated, it is well arguable. This suggests that a number of artists claim that the process of art production still, requires the same amount of skills while utilizing specialized computer programs, as in the hand-made art production (Poole and Ho, 2011). The only difference applies to the specifics of the required techniques and abilities, however, not to the degree. There is a high concern over the security and privacy of the shared creative content. Even though, Pew Internet and American Life Project Artists Callback Survey, (2003) demonstrated that the artists have not experienced any negative consequences of high visibility of their works over Internet, there is still high risk associated with this. Recent research suggests that the privacy and security are regarded to be the main issues that may arise on the Internet (Kim et al., 2004). However, these are attributed to the degree of the perceived security in relation to interactive platform. This implies that older users of computer – based programs do not perceive Internet-based platform as highly risky in terms of privacy and security. Therefore, the studies suggest that the increase in confidence in utilizing the Internet is correlated to the less perceived risk in relation to the possibility of the private content share. Impact on Perception of Art It has been estimated that, after the Modernism era, the line between the high art and popular art has become more unclear. This implies that the concepts of popular and high types of art have become mixed up as the result of a large impact of technology, globalization, and ideas (Bertozzi and Jenkins, 2007). This has started with the rise in popularity of Andy Warhol’s art works (CNN, 2006). Modern art is defined by the ability of the artists to become popular in small, niche groups, rather than on a more global scale. This suggests that art has become more scattered, however, also more unified in terms of categorization. This implies that there are a lot of different types of artworks and movements; however, there is no clear focus on any of those movements (Bertozzi, 2007). Contemporary art is defined by the ability to express the views and opinions with others. And this is easier to do in the modern age of interactive, social media. Therefore, people have a more enhanced access to the artworks, which results in the emergence of inspiration to produce art. It has been stated that the whole social networking share platform increases the chance for plagiarism. It is especially intensified since in the modern age, the majority of artists, tend to transform and re-produce the current media content (Bertozzi and Jenkins, 2007). These actions are linked to the features of plagiarism. However, this should be regarded more as evolution of art, rather than plagiarism. In details, this suggests that the artists utilize the raw materials, which are found in the existing artworks, in order to re-produce the new creations (Bertozzi and Jenkins, 2007). For example, the fact that jazz music has evolved from creative improvisations of the popular music melodies proves this suggestion. This implies that it has not been labelled as plagiarism. Therefore, the main question arises as to how people should perceive the modern digital art – shallow and/or the evolu tion of the post-modernism art movement. It is suggested by a number of academics that, in general, digital communication is regarded to be shallow (Chomsky in Salon, 2011). It is mainly associated with the need to put the thought in a short sentence so that it would fit in 140 characters on Twitter. This may be assumed to be shallow since shortening modifications are made in order to share the thought on Twitter. These modifications tend to include the utilization of urban language and abbreviations, which result in the shallowness of the language (Chomsky in Salon, 2011) The same applies to art, where the individual may take any picture of any object and share it with others whilst claiming that it is an artwork. On the other hand, post – modernism art movement is defined by the ability to share the views and perceptions of the ways one sees the world, which is innovative by definition. This suggests that different people view the world differently. On the other hand, the picture that is shared via social networking website may be just need to practice the skills in the production of the artworks, in order to grow as an artist. And in this evolution, some people might find the new art movement, that may be appreciated. Additionally, as it turns out, the artworks have to be either aesthetic or deliver some message to the people. As Pablo Picasso once stated, – â€Å"Art is a lie that makes you realize the truth† (Gardner and Kleiner, 2010, p.699). Therefore, the content is highly crucial in the context of the ability to tell the truth. This, in turn, expands individual perception and their way of thinking (Costache, 2000). As the result, if the artwork reaches the person and its cognition than it has been worth producing. Conclusion This paper was designed in order to demonstrate the exploration of the role of mobile phones and Internet in art perception and production. It has been estimated that recently, the technological advancement has driven the majority of the population to utilize the Internet and mobile phones for communication purposes. This has also affected the art industry. This implies that the artists have started to utilize digitalised tools for art production. This has been perceived as a facilitated way to produce art. However, it has been further stated that the utilization of the specialized computer based equipment requires highly developed skills. Another problem with the technological integration in art production has been attributed to the ability of to make the work artistic by means of mobile applications. This adds the element of shallowness to the actual art production and further perception. As with the digital communication, the majority of critics tend to perceive it as being a not serious form of art. However, given the general shift from the form to the context and content, this may be regarded as the evolution of art, in general. This implies that people do not focus entirely on the significance form in the artworks; however, they tend to acknowledge the message it has to deliver. This is directly interrelated with the key aim to share the perspective of the world and situations with others. In general, it has been found out that the majority of artists tend to benefit from the integration of technology. It has been estimated that the main benefit is attributed to the ability to generate and expand the networking connections by means of social networking. Furthermore, the Internet is a medium that allows reaching more customers thus adding exposure to the artist and his works. References Bersson R. (2004). Responding to art: form, content, and context, p.67, McGraw – Hill: USA Bertozzi H., Jenkins V. (2007). 7 Artistic Expression in the Age of Participatory Culture: How and Why Young People Create. Routledge: UK. Available: http://www.artsjournal.com/league/bertozzi.pdf (Accessed on 21st Nov. 2012) Burnham, J. (1970). The Aesthetics of Intelligent Systems. On the Future of Art, p.119, New York: Viking Chomsky in Salon. (2012). Why Chomsky is wrong about Twitter. Available: http://www.salon.com/2011/10/23/why_chomsky_is_wrong_about_twitter/ (Accessed on 21st Nov. 2012) Costache I. (2000). â€Å"The Truth in Painting† Or in TextThe Dialogue Between Studio Art and Theory in Education. Available: http://www.aesthetics-online.org/articles/index.php?articles_id=9 (Accessed on 21st Nov. 2012) CNN, (2006). Globalization, technology changing the art world. Available: http://articles.cnn.com/2006-11-26/entertainment/art.globalization_1_high-art-curators-and-museum-directors-art-boom?_s=PM:SHOWBIZ (Accessed on 21st Nov. 2012) Gardner H., Kleiner F., (2010). Gardner’s Art Through the Ages: The Western Perspective, Volume 2, p. 699, Cengage: USA Huffington Post, (2012). Instagram: Photography’s Antichrist, Savior, Or Something In Between?. Available: http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/09/18/instagram-photography_n_1893230.html?utm_hp_ref=design#slide=1536224 (Accessed on 21st Nov. 2012) Janson H., Janson A. (2004). History of Art: The Western Tradition, 6th ed., Pearson: USA Kim S.S., Malhotra K.N., Agarwal J., (2004). Internet Users’ Information Privacy Concerns (IUIPC): The Construct, the Scale, and a Causal Model. Information Systems Research, Vol.15, Iss. 4, pp. 336 -355 Shanken E.A. (2009). Art in the Information Age:Technology and Conceptual Art. Leonardo, Vol.35, Iss. 4, pp. 433-438 Phillips R. (2006). Modeling Life: Art Models Speak About Nudity, Sexuality, And the Creative Process, p.24, New York Press: New York Poole D. and Ho S. (2011). Digital Transitions and the Impact of New Technology On the Arts. Available: http://www.cpaf-opsac.org/en/themes/documents/DigitalTransitionsReport-FINAL-EN.pdf (Accessed on 21st Nov. 2012) Prior N. (2005). A Question of Perception: Bourdieu, Art and the Postmodern. The British Journal of Sociology, Vol.56, Iss.1, 123-139 How to cite How have mobile phones and Internet changed contemporary art?, Essay examples How have mobile phones and Internet changed contemporary art Free Essays string(95) " the artists start to be more focused on the content of the artwork in order to deliver value\." Introduction The main aim of this essay is to investigate the impact of technology on contemporary art. In a more detail, this essay will exploref the impact of mobile phones and the Internet on contemporary art. This essay will include theoretical foundation, backed up with examples. We will write a custom essay sample on How have mobile phones and Internet changed contemporary art? or any similar topic only for you Order Now Firstly, a brief overview of the art world in the context of a general technology’s impact, will be presented. Following this,, this study will look into the effect of mobile phones and Internet in contemporary artistic creation and perception. Therefore, this essay will focus on the identification of main technological features that have impacted the art movement and the process of its production. The changes in the modern, individual perception of art are going to be investigated as well. Background of Issue Recent research suggests that we as human beings and also consumers, live in the information and digitalisation age. Internet and mobile phones have become the main sources of information and, therefore, the primary mediums of communication with other individuals (Burnham, 1970). In the cultural context, the individuals have started to focus more on the innovation acquisition and creation. The main reason behind it is the constantly changing environment, which triggers the changes in the individual perception. In the context of art, the artists have acquired the tools that facilitate the process of art creation (Shanken, 2009). On the other hand, the people have received the ability to share, what they perceive as art via more exposed and facilitated channels, namely, the Internet and mobile phones. Currently, every person may take a photo of a scene, which is perceived to be artistic and share it with others (Huffington Post, 2012). This, in turn, would be claimed as art. The conce pt of art has lost its complexity, thus becoming more technology – driven and adhering to the new cultural and artistic frameworks and concepts. As a result, it is crucial to identify the pattern and direction of the contemporary art movement in order to define its future implications. Impact of technology on the Contemporary art As it has already been estimated, technology, as part of the environmental dynamics has had a large influence on contemporary art. The internet has provided a more facilitated, digital access to a wide amount of information (Shanken, 2009). The individuals have acquired the possibility to access more enhanced amount of information, which affects the creation and production of art. This includes not only the information, itself, but also the new design programs and mobile applications (Huffington Post, 2012). Emergence of photography As part of the technological advancement, photography has become a popular form of contemporary art (Janson and Janson, 2004). To date, there are still debates as to if the significance of photography in contemporary art market is reasoned enough. This suggests that the majority of artists state that the emergence of photography as a form of art has anchored an element of shallowness to the whole concept of contemporary art (Janson and Janson, 2004). This shows that any persona can take a camera in order to make a picture, which would be considered as art. These debates have been present, however, to a lesser degree, in times of black and white film photos. At the moment, the majority of academics still tend to criticize the colour photography as it fails to deliver the beauty of the nuances and moments (Phillips, 2006). Expanding on this subject, there is also a lot of debates over the subject of the mobile phones and mobile applications. Given that photography is quite a popular form of art at the moment, there have been a lot of applications developed for photography sharing. One of the most popular mobile phone applications is Instagram (Huffington Post, 2012). There is a lot of criticism in relation to this application, since it allows the amateurs to take any picture and share it as a form of art by means of the integrated filters. However, on the other hand, mobile applications have increased the exposure of art works of less known artists (Pew Internet and American Life Project Artists Callback Survey, November/December, 2003). This is supported by the findings of the recent survey, which has been maintained among young artists. The results have demonstrated that the majority of the artists have estimated that the Internet has helped them to promote their works, and to increase the amount of networking connections. The minority of the surveyed population has stated that the Internet exposure has hurt them and their reputation (Pew Internet and American Life Project Artists Callback Survey, November/December, 2003). Change from form to perspective It is necessary to note that a change has been reported in the concept of art. This implies that, in the Modernism era, the main focus has been placed on the form in the context of art production (Bersson, 2004). Along with the rise in popularity of technology and the Internet, the main focus has shifted towards context. This implies that the originality has been framed within the boundaries of the ability to re – represent already produced art works. This adds the ironic feature to the whole concept of post-modernism art (Bersson, 2004). Content has also become quite valuable in the post-modernist era. This has been driven by the digitalisation of the art, thus placing a large focus on the content of artistic work. The context of the artworks is intensified in the light of the absence of the actual truths and facts (Prior, 2005). This implies that only the opinions and perspectives matter whereas the truths and facts have become subjective, thus changing along the dynamics of the daily lives. Post-modernists suggest that knowledge is facilitated by means of culture and language (Prior, 2005). Given the fact that the general culture and language are unified by the globalization and digitization, the knowledge is defined by the technology and internationalisation, in the context of art. Additionally, the production of artworks has become more facilitated, therefore, the artists start to be more focused on the content of the artwork in order to deliver value. You read "How have mobile phones and Internet changed contemporary art?" in category "Essay examples" Impact on production Along with the global advancement and the significance of the innovative product solutions, at the moment, the artists have all the necessary tools in order to produce art. However, the importance of handmade paintings has been diminished over the past decade (CNN, 2006). This implies that the paintings have been linked to more aesthetic and esoteric works of art. Photography, on the other hand, has become a true form of art (Bersson, 2004). This implies that the handmade paintings evolved into a computerized form of art, namely photography. The technology, namely PC, Internet and Smartphones have allowed producing and exposing the photographs by the click of the mouse, via specialized applications and programs. The supportive production-related technological appliances still fall into the specializing category, thus being quite expensive (Poole and Ho, 2011). As the result, the majority of artists tend to rent the editing technology in order to produce qualitative pieces of works. In this case, the main focus is placed on the quality and value of the work and this attracts the artists to use more expensive appliances at the high end. Given this desire, the artists still need a specialized knowledge and skills in order to utilize editing applications and technological solutions (Poole and Ho, 2011). Only the minority of artists tend to utilize the computer based programs for the entire art production process. Normally, the artists would make the sketches and then finish them by means of computerized programs, namely for colouring purposes. Even though, it has been suggested that the production of art via PC-based programs is more facilitated, it is well arguable. This suggests that a number of artists claim that the process of art production still, requires the same amount of skills while utilizing specialized computer programs, as in the hand-made art production (Poole and Ho, 2011). The only difference applies to the specifics of the required techniques and abilities, however, not to the degree. There is a high concern over the security and privacy of the shared creative content. Even though, Pew Internet and American Life Project Artists Callback Survey, (2003) demonstrated that the artists have not experienced any negative consequences of high visibility of their works over Internet, there is still high risk associated with this. Recent research suggests that the privacy and security are regarded to be the main issues that may arise on the Internet (Kim et al., 2004). However, these are attributed to the degree of the perceived security in relation to interactive platform. This implies that older users of computer – based programs do not perceive Internet-based platform as highly risky in terms of privacy and security. Therefore, the studies suggest that the increase in confidence in utilizing the Internet is correlated to the less perceived risk in relation to the possibility of the private content share. Impact on Perception of Art It has been estimated that, after the Modernism era, the line between the high art and popular art has become more unclear. This implies that the concepts of popular and high types of art have become mixed up as the result of a large impact of technology, globalization, and ideas (Bertozzi and Jenkins, 2007). This has started with the rise in popularity of Andy Warhol’s art works (CNN, 2006). Modern art is defined by the ability of the artists to become popular in small, niche groups, rather than on a more global scale. This suggests that art has become more scattered, however, also more unified in terms of categorization. This implies that there are a lot of different types of artworks and movements; however, there is no clear focus on any of those movements (Bertozzi, 2007). Contemporary art is defined by the ability to express the views and opinions with others. And this is easier to do in the modern age of interactive, social media. Therefore, people have a more enhanced access to the artworks, which results in the emergence of inspiration to produce art. It has been stated that the whole social networking share platform increases the chance for plagiarism. It is especially intensified since in the modern age, the majority of artists, tend to transform and re-produce the current media content (Bertozzi and Jenkins, 2007). These actions are linked to the features of plagiarism. However, this should be regarded more as evolution of art, rather than plagiarism. In details, this suggests that the artists utilize the raw materials, which are found in the existing artworks, in order to re-produce the new creations (Bertozzi and Jenkins, 2007). For example, the fact that jazz music has evolved from creative improvisations of the popular music melodies proves this suggestion. This implies that it has not been labelled as plagiarism. Therefore, the main question arises as to how people should perceive the modern digital art – shallow and/or the evolu tion of the post-modernism art movement. It is suggested by a number of academics that, in general, digital communication is regarded to be shallow (Chomsky in Salon, 2011). It is mainly associated with the need to put the thought in a short sentence so that it would fit in 140 characters on Twitter. This may be assumed to be shallow since shortening modifications are made in order to share the thought on Twitter. These modifications tend to include the utilization of urban language and abbreviations, which result in the shallowness of the language (Chomsky in Salon, 2011) The same applies to art, where the individual may take any picture of any object and share it with others whilst claiming that it is an artwork. On the other hand, post – modernism art movement is defined by the ability to share the views and perceptions of the ways one sees the world, which is innovative by definition. This suggests that different people view the world differently. On the other hand, the picture that is shared via social networking website may be just need to practice the skills in the production of the artworks, in order to grow as an artist. And in this evolution, some people might find the new art movement, that may be appreciated. Additionally, as it turns out, the artworks have to be either aesthetic or deliver some message to the people. As Pablo Picasso once stated, – â€Å"Art is a lie that makes you realize the truth† (Gardner and Kleiner, 2010, p.699). Therefore, the content is highly crucial in the context of the ability to tell the truth. This, in turn, expands individual perception and their way of thinking (Costache, 2000). As the result, if the artwork reaches the person and its cognition than it has been worth producing. Conclusion This paper was designed in order to demonstrate the exploration of the role of mobile phones and Internet in art perception and production. It has been estimated that recently, the technological advancement has driven the majority of the population to utilize the Internet and mobile phones for communication purposes. This has also affected the art industry. This implies that the artists have started to utilize digitalised tools for art production. This has been perceived as a facilitated way to produce art. However, it has been further stated that the utilization of the specialized computer based equipment requires highly developed skills. Another problem with the technological integration in art production has been attributed to the ability of to make the work artistic by means of mobile applications. This adds the element of shallowness to the actual art production and further perception. As with the digital communication, the majority of critics tend to perceive it as being a not serious form of art. However, given the general shift from the form to the context and content, this may be regarded as the evolution of art, in general. This implies that people do not focus entirely on the significance form in the artworks; however, they tend to acknowledge the message it has to deliver. This is directly interrelated with the key aim to share the perspective of the world and situations with others. In general, it has been found out that the majority of artists tend to benefit from the integration of technology. It has been estimated that the main benefit is attributed to the ability to generate and expand the networking connections by means of social networking. Furthermore, the Internet is a medium that allows reaching more customers thus adding exposure to the artist and his works. References Bersson R. (2004). Responding to art: form, content, and context, p.67, McGraw – Hill: USA Bertozzi H., Jenkins V. (2007). 7 Artistic Expression in the Age of Participatory Culture: How and Why Young People Create. Routledge: UK. Available: http://www.artsjournal.com/league/bertozzi.pdf (Accessed on 21st Nov. 2012) Burnham, J. (1970). The Aesthetics of Intelligent Systems. On the Future of Art, p.119, New York: Viking Chomsky in Salon. (2012). Why Chomsky is wrong about Twitter. Available: http://www.salon.com/2011/10/23/why_chomsky_is_wrong_about_twitter/ (Accessed on 21st Nov. 2012) Costache I. (2000). â€Å"The Truth in Painting† Or in TextThe Dialogue Between Studio Art and Theory in Education. Available: http://www.aesthetics-online.org/articles/index.php?articles_id=9 (Accessed on 21st Nov. 2012) CNN, (2006). Globalization, technology changing the art world. Available: http://articles.cnn.com/2006-11-26/entertainment/art.globalization_1_high-art-curators-and-museum-directors-art-boom?_s=PM:SHOWBIZ (Accessed on 21st Nov. 2012) Gardner H., Kleiner F., (2010). Gardner’s Art Through the Ages: The Western Perspective, Volume 2, p. 699, Cengage: USA Huffington Post, (2012). Instagram: Photography’s Antichrist, Savior, Or Something In Between?. Available: http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/09/18/instagram-photography_n_1893230.html?utm_hp_ref=design#slide=1536224 (Accessed on 21st Nov. 2012) Janson H., Janson A. (2004). History of Art: The Western Tradition, 6th ed., Pearson: USA Kim S.S., Malhotra K.N., Agarwal J., (2004). Internet Users’ Information Privacy Concerns (IUIPC): The Construct, the Scale, and a Causal Model. Information Systems Research, Vol.15, Iss. 4, pp. 336 -355 Shanken E.A. (2009). Art in the Information Age:Technology and Conceptual Art. Leonardo, Vol.35, Iss. 4, pp. 433-438 Phillips R. (2006). Modeling Life: Art Models Speak About Nudity, Sexuality, And the Creative Process, p.24, New York Press: New York Poole D. and Ho S. (2011). Digital Transitions and the Impact of New Technology On the Arts. Available: http://www.cpaf-opsac.org/en/themes/documents/DigitalTransitionsReport-FINAL-EN.pdf (Accessed on 21st Nov. 2012) Prior N. (2005). A Question of Perception: Bourdieu, Art and the Postmodern. The British Journal of Sociology, Vol.56, Iss.1, 123-139 How to cite How have mobile phones and Internet changed contemporary art?, Essay examples